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Fellows & Staff

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Dr Mark D Fricker

Position: Academic Director, Senior Tutor, Dean of Graduates, Dean of Visiting Students, Harassment Officer

Subject(s)

Profile

Contact Details

Tel: (01865) 276411 FAX: (01865) 276418 
Email: 

mark.fricker@pmb.ox.ac.uk or mark.fricker@plants.ox.ac.uk

College Function

  • Academic Director
  • Senior Tutor
  • Dean of Graduates
  • Dean of Visiting Students

University Function

  • Senior Tutors Committee, Tutor for Graduates Committee, Tutor for Admissions Committee 
  • Divisional and Departmental Committees: Academic Staff Committee
  • Plant Science Athena Swan Co-ordinator

Member of:

  • Governing Body
  • Academic Committee
  • Finance and Planning Committee
  • Development Committee
  • Fellowships Committee
  • Statutes Committee
  • Chapel and Benefices Committee
  • Student Welfare Committee
  • Library Working Group
  • Staff Remuneration Committee

Affiliations

Research Interests

Biological Network analysis

We have pioneered network analysis of foraging basidiomycete fungi growing in unconstrained microcosms (Bebber et al. 2007a; Bebber et al. 2007b; Boddy et al. 2009; Boddy et al. 2010; Fricker et al. 2008a; Fricker et al. 2007; Fricker et al. 2008b; Heaton et al. 2010; Rotheray et al. 2008). We have shown using graph-theoretic analysis of digitised networks, that these indeterminate, de-centralized systems can yield adaptive networks with both high transport capacity and robustness to damage, but at a relatively low cost, through a 'Darwinian' process of selective reinforcement of key transport pathways and recycling of redundant routes (Bebber et al. 2007a). Furthermore, fungal networks are able to dynamically modify link strengths and local connectivity when subject to experimental attack to readjust the balance between transport capacity, robustness to damage and resource allocation, resulting in increased resilience as the environment becomes more challenging (Boddy et al. 2010; Rotheray et al. 2008).

Currently network extraction is a laborious manual exercise. We have recently developed high-throughput, automated imaging, visualisation and network analysis protocols to extract biological network organisation using Phase Congruency Tensors (PCTs) to specifically enhance curvi-linear features in the image (Obara, 2012a-c). This approach can rapidly extract networks with 106 links in a few minutes with high fidelity.

The underlying mechanisms leading to the emergence of adaptive behaviour in macroscopic mycelial networks are unknown. However, models based on growth-induced mass flow through the experimentally determined macroscopic networks provide a high level of explanatory power for the transport of added radiolabel (Heaton et al. 2010; Heaton et al. 2012). We infer that bio-physical hydraulic coupling and internal flows observed in macroscopic networks may act as the central mechanism enabling coordinated growth across the complete range of scales in networked organisms.

http://www.cabdyn.ox.ac.uk/complexity_home.asp

The work on fungal networks has also led to collaboration with Toshiyuki Nakagaki and his team in Hakodate to understand network formation in the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. We have recently shown that it can form networks with comparable efficiency, fault tolerance, and cost to those of real-world infrastructure networks such as the Tokyo rail system (Tero et al. 2010), which was awarded an IgNobel prize in 2010. The core mechanisms needed for adaptive network formation can be captured in a biologically inspired mathematical model that may be useful to guide network construction in other domains.

http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2010/100122.html

Signal transduction

We have a long track record in the development and application of imaging techniques to map redox homeostasis and signalling plant and fungal systems (Moore et al., 2006; Brandizzi et al,. 2002). We developed a system for quantitative imaging of total cytoplasmic glutathione (GSH) in vivo following GST-catalysed conjugation to monochlorobimane (MCB) to give a fluorescent glutathione-bimane (GSB) adduct. This has allowed measurement of concentrations of GSH in defined cell types in intact tissues, to dissect the control of GSH synthesis and to analyse activities of GSH-based xenobiotic detoxification pathways in intact tissues with sub-cellular resolution. The imaging assay is technically complex (Fricker et al., 2000; Meyer and Fricker, 2000; Meyer et al., 2001), but now successfully applied to GSH measurements in several different types of tissues including roots (Sanchez-Fernandez et al., 1997; Fricker et al., 2001), trichomes (Gutiérrez-Alcalá et al 2000), suspension culture cells (Meyer and Fricker, 2002), and mesophyll, epidermal and guard cells of wild type and transgenic poplar over-expressing g-ECS (Hartmann et al 2003), mutants in ER morphology (Au et al., 2012), and most recently pathogenic fungi (Samalova et al., unpub.). This work has now been combined with in vivo redox imaging with using ratiometric roGFP1 and roGFP2 (Schwarzlander et al., 2008; Marty et al., 2009) and application of these probes to measure mitochondrial redox state under a range of stress conditions (Lehmann et al., 2008; Schwarzlander et al., 2009) and in mutants deficient in MnSOD (Morgan et al 2008). We have also shown that cpYFP does not act as a reporter for superoxide, but behaves as an effective pH indicator in vivo, and reveals the presence of transient alkalinisation events associated with flickering in mitochondrial membrane potential (Schwarzlander et al. 2011; 2012). Most recently, we have started to move these approaches across to the pathogenic rice last fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, coupling the redox and ROS probes with nitric oxide measurements.

Recent Activities

  • So far in 2012, I have been over to Harvard again for a Radcliffe workshop on networks that acted as a precursor to a successful HFSP grant over three years with Anne Pringle and Michael Brenner to examine network formation and function across the diverse taxa. I also contributed to the Exeter Imaging Network, building on the links in place with John Love and George Littlejohn on ratio imaging techniques.
  • In 2011, there was a good mix of meetings across all the areas the lab works on including Botanical Microscopy in Wageningen, Fungal Biology at Exeter and Network Theory and Applications in Warwick.
  • In 2010, I visited Harvard to give talks to the Systems Biology group at the Medical School, Nicholas Christakis's group in Sociology, and Anne Pringle's group in OEB. The ash cloud conveniently added another week to a very pleasant stay. I also gave talks at the ISC-PIF Workshop on Transportation Networks in Nature and Technology in Paris, and at the University of Edinburgh with a visit to Toulouse planned in the autumn. However, the highlight of the year was the IgNobel prize ceremony in Harvard for the work with Toshiyuki Nakagaki and his team on solving network problems with slime molds.
  • 2009 was busy with conference presentations at the German Physical Society Annual Meeting in Dresden, a workshop on the Functioning and Failure of Adaptive Biological Networks at ZiF, Bielefeld, the BMS conference in Dundee, the Bioimaging symposium in Oxford and a seminar at Exeter. I also participated in the Technos International week in Japan, which was excellent.
  • In 2008, studies on the fungal networks progressed well and we are developing strong links with physicists and mathematicians to analyse the network structure and function, with talks at the Bioinspired Complex Networks in Science and Technology conference in Dresden, Bioinspired Logistics in Ladenberg, and the inaugural session of the UK Fungal Network in Oxford. The year was finished off with a session at the Silicon Valley Networks Masterclass, an imaging workshop in Uppsala and the New Phytologist conference on the ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Montpellier.
  • In 2007, I gave a plenary talk at the RMS 8th International Botanical Microscopy in Salzburg on imaging nutrient transport acroos scales in fungal mycelia and we have started to distribute the software tools following the BMS meeting in Manchester. We hope to set up a web-site soon to present all the videos and download the software.
  • In 2006 we completed several software tools to help analyse the fungal systems. It was fairly quiet on the conference front as ECCS ’06 was held in Oxford. I did manage a quick trip to Santa Barbara in December for the 5th International Conference on Ecological Informatics.
  • In 2005 the link to complex systems and networks progressed well with presentations at the European Conference on Theoretical and Mathematical Biology in Dresden and at the Complex Adaptive Systems Seminar Series in Oxford. I also had a very useful trip to the Creative Research Institute at the University of Hokkaido, Japan to work with Toshiyuki Nakagaki on the infamous slime molds, and a three day session at Princeton discussing decision making and risk in foraging systems. 2005 also saw the 1st European Network meetings on Measuring and Modelling Complex Networks across Domains (MMCOMNET) and the Complex Systems meeting in Paris in November.
  • In Feb 2004 I had a short trip to Scotland, giving talks at Aberdeen, Dundee and Edinburgh, as well as a Departmental seminar in Oxford. The Scottish theme continued with a paper at the Society for Experimental Biology annual meeting in Edinburgh, but then moved south to the British Mycological Society annual meeting in Nottingham in Sept.
  • In 2003, I was invited to speak at several meetings including the Joint British and American Mycological Societies Congress in Asilomar and the 7th International Botanical Microscopy Conference in Lisbon. I also gave presentations at the 1st Complex Agent Based Dynamic Network meeting in Oxford and at Basidio 2003 in Wellesbourne.
  • December 2002: I visited Nice as part of a British Council Alliance award studying the role of glutathione in root nodule initiation and development with Dr Piere Frendo and Dr Judith Harrison.
  • In July 2002 we presented some of the fungal imaging work as The Underground Pulse at the Royal Society Summer Exhibition. Dr Tlalka also presented this work at the 7th International Mycological Congress, Oslo.
  • April 2002: Conference paper at the Society for Experimental Biology Meeting in Swansea.
  • Feb 2002: Invited speaker at the Australian Conference on Electron Microscopy (ACEM) in Adelaide combined with a visit to discuss fungal vacuole dynamics with Prof. Anne Ashford and Bill Allaway at the University of New South Wales (Sydney).

 

PUBLICATIONS

Major Reviews

  1. Schwarzlander, M., Murphy, M.P., Duchen, M.R., Logan, D.C, Fricker, M.D., Halestrap, A.P., Muller, F.L., Rizutto, R., Dick, T.P., Meyer, A.J., Sweetlove, L.J. (2012) Mitochondrial ‘flashes’: a radical concept repHined. Trends in Cell Biology (inpress).
  2. Heaton, L.L.M., Obara, B., Grau, V., Jones, N., Nakagaki, T., Boddy, L. and Fricker, M.D. (2012) Analysis of fungal networks. Fungal Biology Reviews 26 12–29. 
  3. Fricker, M.D., Runions, J. and Moore, I.R. (2006) Quantitative Fluorescence Microscopy: From Art to Science. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57 79-107. 
  4. Brandizzi, F., Fricker, M.D. and Hawes, C. (2002) A greener world: the revolution in plant bioimaging. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 3 520-530.

Research Papers

  1. Heaton, L.L.M., López, E., Maini, P.K., Fricker, M.D. and Jones, N.S. (2012). Advection, diffusion and delivery over a network. Phys. Rev. E (in press).
  2. Obara, B., Garu, V. and Fricker, M.D. (2012) A bioimage informatics approach for extraction and analysis of fungal networks. Bioinformatics (in press). Doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts364
  3. Schwarzlander, M., Logan, D.C., Johnston, I.G., Jones, N.S., Fricker, M.D. and Sweetlove, L.J. (2012) Pulses in the membrane potential of single mitochondria are a novel stress-induced bioenergetics control mechanism in plants. Plant Cell 24, 1188-1201. Doi:10.1105/tpc.112.096438
  4. Onnela, J.-P., Fenny, D.J., Reid, S., Porter, M.A., Mucha, P.J., Fricker, M.D. and Jones, N.S. (2012) A Taxonomies of networks from community structure. Phys. Rev. E (in press)
  5. Obara, B., Fricker, M.D. and Grau, V (2012) Local phase approaches to extract biomedical networks. ISBI 2012, 1796-1799. Doi: 10.1109/ISBI.2012.6235931
  6. Obara, B., Fricker, M.D. and Grau, V (2012) Coherence enhancing diffusion filtering based on the phase congruency tensor. ISBI 2012, 202-205. Doi: 10.1109/ISBI.2012.6235519
  7. Au, K., Perez-Gomez, J., Neto, H., Mueller, C., Meyer, A., Fricker, M.D. and Moore, I.R.M. A perturbation in glutathione biosynthesis disrupts endoplasmic reticulum morphology and secretory membrane traffic in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2012.05022.x
  8. Obara, B., Fricker, M.D., Gavaghan, D. and Grau, V. (2012) Contrast-independent detection of branching points in network-like structures. Proc. SPIE 8314, 8314L. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.910575
  9. Obara, B., Fricker, M.D., Gavaghan, D. and Grau, V. (2012) Contrast-independent curvilinear structure detection in biomedical images. IEEE Trans. Image Processing 21, 2572-2581. Doi: 10.1109/TIP.2012.2185938
  10. Smith, D.M.D, Onnela, J.-P, Lee, C.F, Fricker, M.D, Johnson, N.F. (2011) Network automata: Coupling structure and function in dynamic networks. Advances in Complex Systems 14, 317-339. doi:10.1142/S0219525911003050.
  11. Schwarzländer, M., Logan, D., Fricker, M.D. and Sweetlove, L.J. (2011) The circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein cpYFP that has been used as a superoxide probe is highly responsive to pH but not superoxide in mitochondria: implications for the existence of superoxide ‘flashes’. Biochem. J. 437, 381–387.  doi:10.1042/BJ20110883 381
  12. Heaton, L.L.M., López, E., Maini, P.K., Fricker, M.D. and Jones, N.S. (2010). Growth-induced mass flows in fungal networks. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 277 3265-3274. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0735
  13. Boddy, L., Wood, J, Redman, E., Hynes, J., Fricker, M.D. (2010) Fungal network responses to grazing. Fung. Genet. Biol.  47, 522-530. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2010.01.006
  14. Tero, A., Takagi, S., Saigusa, T., Ito, K., Bebber, D.P., Fricker, M.D., Yumiki, K., Kobayashi, R., and Nakagaki, T. (2010) Rules for biologically-inspired adaptive network design. Science 327, 439 – 442. DOI: 10.1126/science.1177894.
  15. Furch, A.C.U., van Bel, A.J.E., Fricker, M.D., Felle, H.H., Fuchs, M and Hafke, J.B. (2009) Sieve-element Ca2+ channels as relay stations between remote stimuli and sieve-tube occlusion in Vicia faba. Plant Cell 21 2118-2132. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.063107
  16. Marty L., Siala, W., Schwarzländer, M., Fricker, M.D., Wirtz, M., Sweetlove, L., Meyer, Y., Meyer, A., Reichheld, J.-P., Hell, R. (2009) The NADPH-dependent thioredoxin system constitutes a functional backup for cytosolic glutathione reductase in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 9109-9114. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0900206106
  17. Schwarzländer, M., Fricker, M.D. and Sweetlove, L.J (2009) Monitoring the in vivo redox state of plant mitochondria: Effect of respiratory inhibitors, abiotic stress and assessment of recovery from oxidative challenge. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1787 468-475 doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2009.01.020
  18. Boddy, L., Hynes, J., Bebber, D.P. and Fricker, M.D. (2009) Saprotrophic cord systems: dispersal mechanisms in space and time. Mycoscience 50 9-19. doi: 10.1007/s10267-008-0450-4
  19. Lehmann, M., Schwarzländer, M., Obata, T., Sirikantaramas, S., Burow, M., Olsen, C.E., Tohge, T., Fricker, M.D., Moller, B.L., Fernie, A.R., Sweetlove, L.J. and Laxa, M. (2009) The metabolic response of Arabidopsis roots to oxidative stress is distinct from that of heterotrophic cells in culture and highlights a complex relationship between the levels of transcripts, metabolites, and flux . Molecular Plant 2 390-406. doi: 10.1093/mp/ssn080  
  20. Rotheray, T.D., Jones, T.H., Fricker, M.D. and Boddy, L. (2008) Grazing alters network architecture during interspecific mycelial interactions. Fungal Ecology 1 124-132. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2008.12.001
  21. Ingle, R.A., Fricker, M.D. and Smith, J.A.C. (2008) Evidence for nickel/proton antiport activity at the tonoplast of the hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum lesbiacum. Plant Biology. 10: 746-753. doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00080.x
  22. *Tlalka, M., *Bebber, D.P., Darrah, P.R., Watkinson, S.C. and *Fricker, M.D. (2008) Quantifying dynamic resource allocation illuminates foraging strategy in Phanerochaete velutina. Fungal Genetics and Biology 45 1111-1121 doi: 10.1016/j.fgb.2008.03.015. *equal contribution
  23. Fricker, M.D. Boddy, L. and Bebber, D.P. (2008). The interplay between topology and function in fungal mycelial networks. Topologica 1, 004. doi:10.3731/topologica.1.004
  24. *Schwarzländer, M., *Fricker, M.D., Müller , C., Marty, L., Brach, T., Novak, J., Sweetlove, L., Hell, R. and Meyer, A.J. (2008) Confocal imaging of glutathione redox poise in living plant cells. J. Microscopy. 231, 299-316. *equal contribution. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02043.x
  25. Tlalka, M., Fricker, M.D. and Watkinson, S.C. (2008) Imaging long distance -aminoisobutyric acid transport dynamics during resource capture by Serpula lacrymans. Applied Environmental Microbiology 74,  2700-2708. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02765-07
  26. Fricker, M.D., Lee, J.A., Bebber, D.P., Tlalka, M., Hynes, J., Darrah, P.R., Watkinson, S.C. and Boddy, L. (2008) Imaging complex nutrient dynamics in mycelial networks. J. Microscopy 231, 317-331.
  27. Morgan, M.J., Lehmann, M., Schwarzländer, M., Baxter, C.J., Sienkiewicz-Porcuzek, A., Williams, T.C.R.1, Schauer, N., Fernie, A.R., Fricker, M.D., Ratcliffe, R.G., Sweetlove, L.J., and Finkemeier, I. (2008) Manganese superoxide dismutase is essential for protection of tricarboxylic acid cycle activity and maintenance of mitochondrial redox balance. Plant Physiol. 147 101-114. doi:10.1104/pp.107.113613.
  28. Bebber, D., Hynes, J., Darrah, P.R., Boddy, L. and Fricker, M.D. (2007) Biological solutions to transport network design. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 274 2307-2315. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0459.
  29. Tlalka, M., Bebber, D., Darrah, P.R., Watkinson, S.C. and Fricker, M.D. (2007) Emergence of self-organised oscillatory domains in fungal mycelial networks. Fungal Genetics and Biology 44 1085-1095. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2007.02.013
  30. Fricker, M.D. Tlalka, M., Bebber, D., Takagi, S., Watkinson, S.C. and Darrah, P.R. (2007) Fourier-based spatial mapping of oscillatory phenomena in fungi. Fungal Genetics and Biology 44 1077-1084. doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2007.02.012
  31. Libourel, I., van Bodegom, P., Fricker, M.D. and Ratcliffe, R.G. (2006). Nitrite reduces cytoplasmic acidosis under anoxia. Plant Physiol. 142 1710-1717. 10.1104/pp.106.088898
  32. Samalova, M., Fricker, M.D. and Moore, I.R. (2006) Ratiometric fluorescence-imaging assay of plant membrane traffic using polyproteins. Traffic 7, 1701–1723 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2006.00502.x
  33. Darrah, P.R., Tlalka, M., Ashford, A., Watkinson, S.C. and Fricker, M.D. (2006) The vacuole system is a significant intracellular pathway for longitudinal solute transport in basidiomycete fungi. Eukaryotic Cell 5 1111-1125. ISSN 1535-9778. DOI:10.1128/EC.00026-06
  34. Jarrett, T.C., Ashton, D.J., Fricker, M.D. and Johnson, N.F. (2006) Interplay between structure and function in complex networks. Physical Review E 74 026116
  35. Meškauskas, A., Fricker, M.D. and Moore, D. (2004) Simulating colonial growth of fungi with the Neighbour-Sensing model of hyphal growth. Mycological Research 108 1-16.
  36. Hartmann, T.N., Fricker, M.D., Rennenberg, H. and Meyer, A.J. (2003) Cell-specific measurement of cytosolic glutathione in poplar leaves. Plant, Cell Env. 26 965-975.
  37. Tlalka, M., Hensman, D., Darrah, P.R., Watkinson, S.C. and Fricker, M.D. (2003) Non- circadian oscillations in amino-acid transport have complementary profiles in assimilatory and foraging hyphae of Phanerochaete velutina. New Phytol. 158 325-335. ISSN 0028-646X May
  38. Meyer, A.J. and Fricker, M.D. (2002) Control of demand-driven biosynthesis of glutathione in green Arabidopsis suspension culture cells. Plant Physiol. 130 1-11. ISSN 0032-0889. Dec
  39. Tlalka, M., Darrah, P.R.D., Watkinson, S.C. and Fricker, M.D. (2002) Continuous imaging of amino-acid translocation in intact mycelia of Phanerochaete velutina reveals rapid, pulsatle fluxes. New Phytol.153 173-184.
  40. Meyer, A.J., May, M.J. and Fricker, M.D. (2001) Quantitative in vivo measurement of glutathione in Arabidopsis cells. Plant J. 27 67-78. ISSN 0960-7412, July
  41. Fricker, M.D. and Meyer, A.J. (2001) Confocal imaging of metabolism in plants: pitfalls and possibilities. J.Exp. Bot.  52 1-10.
  42. Gutiérrez-Alcalá, G., Gotor, C., Meyer, A.J., Fricker, M.D., Vega, J.M. and Romero, L.C. (2000) Glutathione biosynthesis in Arabidopsis trichome cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 11108-1113.
  43. Fricker, M.D., May, M., Meyer, A.J., Sheard, N. and White, N.S. (2000) Measurement of glutathione levels in intact roots of Arabidopsis. J. Microsc. 198 162-173.
  44. Meyer, A.J. and Fricker, M.D. (2000) Direct measurement of glutathione in epidermal cells of intact Arabidopsis roots by 2-photon laser scanning microscopy. J. Microsc. 198 174-181.
  45. Tlalka, M. and Fricker, M.D. (1999) The role of calcium in blue-light dependent chloroplast movements in Lemna trisulca L. Plant J. 20 461-474.
  46. Tlalka, M., Runquist, M. and Fricker, M.D. (1999) Light perception and the role of the xanthophyll cycle in blue-light dependent chloroplast movements in Lemna trisulca L.. Plant J. 20 447-460.
  47. Doe, C.L., Wang, G., Chow, C.-M, Fricker, M.D., Singh, P.B. and Mellor, E.J. (1998) The fission yeast chromo domain encoding gene chp1+ is required for chromosome segregation and shows a genetic interaction with alpha-tubulin. Nucleic Acids Research 26 4222-9.
  48. Fricker, M.D., White, N.S. and Obermeyer, G. (1997) pH gradients are not associated with tip growth in pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum. J. Cell Sci. 110 1729-1740.
  49. Errington, R.J., Fricker, M.D., Wood, J.L., Hall, A.C. and White, N.S. (1997) Four-dimensional volume imaging of living chondrocytes in porcine cartilage using confocal laser scanning microscopy: a pragmatic approach. Am. J. Physiol. 272 1040-1051.
  50. Fricker, M.D. , Hollinshead, M., White, N.S. and Vaux, D. (1997) Interphase nuclei of many mammalian cell types contain deep, dynamic, tubular membrane-bound invaginations of the nuclear envelope. J. Cell Biol. 136 531-544.
  51. Sánchez-Fernández, R., Fricker, M.D., Corben, L.B., White, N.S., Sheard, N., Leaver, C.J., Van Montagu, M., Inzé, D. and May, M.J. (1997) Cell proliferation and hair tip growth in the Arabidopsis root are under mechanistically different forms of redox control. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 2745-2750.
  52. Fricker, M.D., Chow, C.-M., Errington, R.J., May, M., Mellor, J., Meyer, A.J., Tlalka, M., Vaux, D.J. and White, N.S. (1997) Quantitative imaging of intact cells and tissues by multi-dimensional confocal fluorescence microscopy. Experimental Biology Online 2 19.
  53. White, N.S., Errington, R.J., Fricker, M.D. and Wood, J.L. (1996) Aberration control in quantitative imaging of botanical specimens by multidimensional fluorescence microscopy. J. Microscopy 181 99-116.
  54. Napier, R.M., Trueman, S., Henderson, J., Boyce, J.M., Hawes, C., Fricker, M.D. and Venis, M.A. (1995) Purification, sequencing and functions of calreticulin from maize. J. Exp. Bot. 46 1603-1613.
  55. Allan, A.C., Fricker, M.D., Ward, J.L., Beale, M.H. and Trewavas, A.J. (1994) Two transduction pathways mediate rapid effects of abscisic acid in Commelina guard cells. Plant Cell 6 1319-1328.
  56. Boyce, J.M., Coates, D., Fricker, M.D. and Evans, D.E. (1994) Genomic sequence of a calnexin homolog from Arabidopsis thaliana Plant Physiol.  106 1691.
  57. Fricker, M.D., Tlalka, M., Ermantraut, J., Obermeyer, G., Dewey, M., Gurr, S., Patrick, J. and N.S. White, N.S. (1994) Confocal fluorescence ratio imaging of ion activities in plant cells. Scanning Microscopy 8 391-405.
  58. Larin, Z., Fricker, M.D., Maher, E., Ishikawa-Brush, Y. And Southern, E.M. (1994) Fluorescence in situ hybridisation of multiple probes on a single microscope slide. Nucleic Acids Research 22 3689-3692.
  59. Larin, Z., Fricker, M.D. and Tyler-Smith, C. (1994) De novo formation of several features of a centromere following introduction of a Y alphoid YAC into mammalian cells. Human Molecular Genetics 3 689-696.
  60. Thiel, G., Blatt, M.R., Fricker, M.D., White, I.R. and Millner, P. (1993) Modulation of K+ channels in Vicia stomatal guard cells by peptide homologs to the auxin-binding protein C-terminus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA. 90 11493-11497.
  61. Fricker, M.D. and White, N.S. (1992) Wavelength considerations in confocal microscopy of botanical specimens. J. Microscopy 166 29-42.
  62. Fricker, M.D., Grantz, D.A., and Willmer, C.M. (1991). Stomatal responses measured using a viscous flow (liquid) porometer J. Exp. Bot. 42 747-755.
  63. Gilroy, S.G., Fricker, M.D., Read, N.D. and Trewavas, A.J. (1991) Role of calcium in signal transduction of Commelina guard cells. Plant Cell 3 333-344.
  64. Hodick, D., Gilroy, S., Fricker, M.D. and Trewavas, A.J. (1991) Cytosolic Ca2+-concentrations and distributions in rhizoids of Chara fragilis Desv. determined by ratio analysis of the fluorescent probe indo-1. Botanica Acta 104 222-228.
  65. Fricker M.D. and Willmer, C.M. (1990). Nitrate-sensitive ATPase activity and proton pumping in guard cell protoplasts of Commelina. J. Exp. Bot. 41 193-198.
  66. Fricker M.D. and Willmer, C.M. (1990) Some properties of proton pumping ATPases at the plasma membrane and tonoplast of guard cells. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 186 301-308.
  67. Fricker, M.D. and Willmer, C.M. (1987). Vanadate sensitive ATPase and phosphatase activity in guard cell protoplasts of Commelina. J. Exp. Bot. 38 642-648.

Books

  1. Willmer, C.M. and Fricker, M.D. (1996) Stomata. 2nd Ed. Chapman and Hall, London.

Symposia Volumes & Book Chapters

  1. Fricker, M.D. Boddy, L. Nakagaki, T. Bebber, D.P. (2009) Adaptive biological networks. In Adaptive Networks: Theory, Models and Applications. Eds T. Gross and H. Sayama, Pp 51-70.
  2. Hafke, J.B., Furch, A.C.U., Fricker, M.D. and van Bel, A.J.E.(2009) Forisome dispersion in Vicia faba is triggered by Ca2+ hotspots created by concerted action of diverse Ca2+ channels in sieve element. Plant Signalling and Behaviour. 4 968-972.
  3. Samalova, M., Fricker, M.D. and Moore, I.R. (2008). Quantitative and qualitative analysis of plant membrane traffic using fluorescent proteins. Methods in Cell Biology 85 353-380. DOI: 10.1016/S0091-679X(08)85015-7
  4. Meyer, A.J. and Fricker, M.D. (2008). Imaging thiol-based redox processes in live cells. In: Sulfur Metabolism in Phototropic Organisms. Ed: C. Dahl, R. Hell, D. Knaff, T. Leustek. pp. 483–501
  5. Fricker, M.D., Bebber, D.P. and Boddy, L. (2008) Mycelial networks: structure and dynamics. In: Ecology of saprotrophic basiodiomycetes. Eds L. Boddy, J.C. Franklin and P. van West. Pp 3-18. ISBN-13: 978-0123741851
  6. Fricker, M.D., Boddy, L. and Bebber, D.P. (2007) Network organisation of mycelial fungi. In: The Mycota. Vol VIII, Biology of the Fungal Cell (2nd Ed). Eds R.J. Howard and N.A.R. Gow. 2nd ed., 341 p ISBN: 978-3-540-70615-1
  7. Bebber, D.P., Tlalka, M., Hynes, J., Darrah, P.R., Ashford, A., Watkinson, S.C., Boddy, L., and Fricker, M.D. (2007). Imaging complex nutrient dynamics in mycelial networks. In: G.M. Gadd (Ed). Fungi in the Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  8. Watkinson, S.C., Bebber, D., Darrah, P.R., Fricker, M.D.,Tlalka, M. & Boddy, L. (2007) The role of wood decay fungi in the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the forest floor. In: Gadd, G.M. (ed.) Fungi in Biogeochemical Cycles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  9. Boddy, L., Tordoff, G.M., Wood, J., Hynes, J., Bebber, D., Jones, T.H. and Fricker, M.D. (2006). Mycelial foraging strategies of saprotrophic cord-forming basidiomycetes. In: 8th International Mycological Congress Proceedings, ed. W. Meyer & C. Pearce. Medimond, Italy. Pp. 13-20. 
  10. Watkinson, S.C., Boddy, L., Burton, K.S., Darrah, P.R.,Eastwood, D., Fricker, M.D., & Tlalka, M. (2005). New approaches to investigating the function of mycelial networks. Mycologist 19, 11-17.
  11. Fricker, M.D., Bebber, D.P., Darrah, P.R., Tlalka, M., Watkinson, S.C., Boddy, L., Yiasoumis, L., Cartwright, H.M., Meskauskas, A., McNulty, L.J., Moore, D., Smith, D.M.D., Nakagaki, T., Lee, C.F. & Johnson, N. (in press). Inspiration from microbes: from patterns to networks.
  12. Fricker, M.D., Parsons, A., Tlalka, M., Blancaflor, E., Gilroy, S., Meyer, A. and Plieth, C. (2001) Fluorescent probes for living plant cells. In: Plant Cell Biology: A Practical Approach. 2nd Ed. Ed C. Hawes and B. Satiat-Jeunemaitre. Pp 35-84.
  13. Fricker, M.D., May, M., White, N.S. and Meyer, A. (2000) Modelling GSH pathways from in vivo imaging. In: Sulfur Nutrition and Sulfur Assimilation in Higher Plants. Ed. C. Brunold, H. Rennenberg, L.J. De Kok, I. Stulen and J.-C. Davidan. Paul Haupt Publishers, Berne. Pp 353-354.
  14. Meyer, A.J. and Fricker, M.D. (2000) Quantitative imaging of glutathione in live cells by laser scanning microscopy. In: Sulfur Nutrition and Sulfur Assimilation in Higher Plants. Ed. C. Brunold, H. Rennenberg, L.J. De Kok, I. Stulen and J.-C. Davidan. Paul Haupt Publishers, Berne. Pp 351-352.
  15. Fricker, M.D. and Oparka, K.J. (1999) Imaging techniques in plant transport: Meeting review. J. Exp. Bot. 50 1089-1100.
  16. Fricker, M.D., Plieth, C., Knight, H., Blancaflor, E., Knight, M.R., White, N.S., and Gilroy, S. (1999) Fluorescent and luminescent techniques to probe ion activities in living plant cells. In: Fluorescent and luminescent probes. 2nd Ed. Ed. W.T. Mason. Pp 569-596.
  17. Fricker, M.D., Errington, R.J., Wood, J.L., Tlalka, M., May, M. and White, N.S. (1997) Quantitative confocal fluorescence measurements in living tissues. In: Signal Transduction - Single Cell Research. Ed. B. Van Duijn. and A. Wiltnik. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. 413-445.
  18. White, N.S., Errington, R.J., Fricker, M.D. and Wood, J.L. (1997) Multidimensional fluorescence microscopy: optical distortions in quantitative imaging of biological specimens. In: Fluorescence Microscopy and Fluorescent Probes. Plenum Press. 
  19. Fricker, M.D., White, N.S., Thiel, G., Millner, P., and Blatt, M.R. (1994) Peptides derived from the auxin binding protein elevate Ca2+ and pH in stomatal guard cells of Vicia: A confocal fluorescence ratio imaging study. In: Membrane Transport in Plants and fungi: Molecular Mechanisms and Contol. Eds. M.R. Blatt, R.A. Leigh and D. Sanders. SEB Symposium Series 48 215-228.
  20. Fricker, M.D. Blatt, M.R. and White, N.S. (1993) Confocal fluorescence ratio imaging of pH in plant cells. In: Biotechnology Applications of Microinjection, Microscopic Imaging and Fluorescence. Eds. P. Bach, C.H. Reynolds, J.M. Clark, P.L. Poole and J. Mottley Plenum Press. Pp 151-162.
  21. Fricker, M.D., Tester, M. and Gilroy, S. (1993) Fluorescent and luminescent techniques to probe plant cell activity. In W.T. Mason and G. Relf, Eds, Fluorescent Probes for Biological Activity of Living Cells - A Practical guide. Academic Press. Pp 360-377.
  22. Satiat-Jeunemaitre, B., Henderson, J., Evans, D., Crookes, K., Fricker, M.D., Napier, R. and Hawes, C. (1993) Brefeldin A affects the endomembrane system and vesicle trafficking in higher plants. Proc. 51st Annual Meeting of the Microscopy Society of America. Eds: G.W. Bailey and C.L. Reider. San Fransisco Press. San Fransisco. Pp 192-193.
  23. Fricker, M.D. and White, N.S. (1992) Application of confocal microscopy and three-dimensional image analysis to plant and microbial cells. Binary 4 44-49.
  24. Fricker, M.D., Gilroy, S.G., Read, N.D. and Trewavas, A.J. (1991) Visualisation and measurement of the calcium message in guard cells. In: Molecular Biology of Plant Development. Eds: G.I. Jenkins and W. Schuch. SEB Symposium Series, 44, 177-190.
  25. Gilroy, S., Fricker, M.D., Read, N.D. and Trewavas, A.J. (1991) The role of Ca2+ and ABA in the regulation of stomatal aperture. In: Progress in Plant Growth Regulation.Eds. C.M. Karssen, L.C. Van Loon and D. Vreugdenhil. Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, 13, 105-115. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht. 
  26. White, N.S., Bennett, S.T., Kenton, A.Y., Callimassia, M.A. and Fricker, M.D. (1991) Characterising plant chromosomes and their 3-D organisation using CLSM. Scanning 13, 228-229.
  27. White, N.S., Fricker, M.D. and Shotton, D.M. (1991) Quantitative visualisation of 3D biological CLSM images. Scanning 13, 51-53.
  28. Bennett, S.T., Fricker, M.D., Bennett, M.D. and White, N.S. (1990) The 3-D localization of chromosomes using confocal microscopy.Trans. Royal Microscopical Soc. 1, 441-444.
  29. Fricker, M.D., Gilroy, S.G. and Trewavas, A.J. (1990). Signal transduction in plant cells and the calcium message. In: Signal Perception and Transduction in Higher Plants. NATO AS1 Series, 47, pp 89-102. Eds R. Ranjeva and A.M. Boudet. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  30. Fricker, M.D. and White, N.S. (1990) Volume measurement of guard cell vacuoles during stomatal movements using confocal microscopy. Trans. Royal Microscopical Soc. 1, 345-348.
  31. Gilroy, S., Fricker, M.D., Read, N.D. and Trewavas, A.J. (1990) Fluorescence ratio imaging and photometry of calcium in living plant cells.Trans. Royal Microscopical Soc. 1, 475-478.
  32. Gilroy, S.G., Fricker, M.D., Blowers, D., Harvey, H.J., Collinge, M. and Trewavas, A.J. (1989) Calcium channels, cytosol calcium and plasma membrane phosphorylation: an integrated calcium stat system. In: Plant Membrane Transport: The Current Position. Pp 215-224. Eds J. Dainty, M.I. DeMichelis, E. Marre and F. Rasi-Caldogno. Elsevier. Amsterdam.

Patents

Universal Fluorescent Sensors. M.D. Fricker and D. Vaux. (WO 01/33199).
Universal Fluorescent Sensors. M.D. Fricker and D. Vaux. (WO 02/090987).

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